Second and later times you cite a source: use the Shortened Note examples below.

First time a source is cited: follow the Note examples below.

= use two digits unless more are needed for clarity = only include the changed part, don’t use repeated digits

1-99, 100, multiples of 100 = include all digits.

do not use 'p.' or 'pp.' to denote page numbers.

In general, only include for websites if it is likely the website will be altered (Wikipedia, twitter) or does not have a publication date.

Accessed dates for online sources are not required for formally published electronic sources with a DOI or.

Websites are updated frequently and a saved URL may not work in the future, which is why a DOI or is always preferred if they are available.

It is located in your browser’s address bar. URL: The location of your source on the internet at the time you visited the website.Database Name: For sources without a DOI that are located in subscription databases (EbscoHost, ProQuest, Netflix.), use either the database's name or the, never the browser URL.If the reader does not have access to the database they cannot access the, which is why a DOI is always preferred. Unlike a DOI, which links to a specific work, a will link to the source’s location inside a specific database. : A permanent or stable link to a source accessed through a database.A DOI is always the preferred method of citing an online source. DOI (Digital Object Identifier): A permanent or stable link to a specific published digital object.Order of preference: DOI,, Database Name, URL (only use one).Bibliography: list first 7 authors, followed by 'et al.'.Notes: list the first author followed by 'et al.'.Bibliography: Last, First Middle, First Middle Last, and First Middle Last.Notes: First Middle Last, First Middle Last, and First Middle Last.General Chicago Style Notes & Bibliography Formatting Guidelines Field

This is only a brief list of general guidelines, consult the Chicago Manual of Style and the Chicago Manual of Style Online for a more complete list of guidelines.

Endnote citation example